一、前言
在本文中,「荒原之梦考研数学」将通过泰勒展开和比值两种方法判断下面这个反常积分的敛散性:
$$
\int_{0}^{1} \frac{x \ln x}{\left( 1 – x \right)^{2}} \mathrm{~d} x
$$
难度评级:
继续阅读“判断反常积分敛散性的两个方法:泰勒展开和比值法”在本文中,「荒原之梦考研数学」将通过泰勒展开和比值两种方法判断下面这个反常积分的敛散性:
$$
\int_{0}^{1} \frac{x \ln x}{\left( 1 – x \right)^{2}} \mathrm{~d} x
$$
难度评级:
继续阅读“判断反常积分敛散性的两个方法:泰勒展开和比值法”求极限 $\lim_{x \to 0}\left(\frac{1+\int_{0}^{x}\mathrm{e}^{t^{2}}\mathrm{~d}t}{\mathrm{e}^{x}-1}-\frac{1}{\sin x}\right)$.
难度评级:
继续阅读“2021年考研数二第17题解析:极限的计算、变上限积分、泰勒公式、洛必达运算”设 $D$ 为在 $y = \left(x – 1\right)^{2}$ 上方、在 $y = x + 1$ 下方的区域. 求将 $\mathcal{R}$ 绕 $X$ 轴旋转所得立体的体积.
难度评级:
继续阅读“双层旋转体体积的计算”$$
\int \frac{g^{\prime}\left(x\right)}{g\left(x\right)} \mathrm{~d}x = ?
$$
难度评级:
继续阅读“被积函数中分子是分母的导数该怎么计算?”$$
\int \frac{1}{\sqrt{x}\left(1 – \sqrt{x}\right)} \mathrm{~d}x = ?
$$
难度评级:
继续阅读“积分换元的时候不能只考虑被积函数”$$
I = \lim_{x \to 0} \frac{\cos(\tan x) – 1 – \ln(\cos x)}{x(x – \arctan x)}
$$
难度评级:
需要用到的公式($x \to 0$):
$$
\begin{aligned}
& x – \arctan x \sim \frac{1}{3}x^{3} \\ \\
& f(b) – f(a) = (b – a) \cdot f^{\prime}(\xi) \\ \\
& \ln(1+x) = x – \frac{1}{2}x^{2} + \frac{1}{3}x^{3} + \cdots \\ \\
& u – \ln(1+u) \sim \frac{1}{2} u^{2}, \ u \to 0 \\ \\
& \cos x – 1 \sim -\frac{1}{2}x^{2}
\end{aligned}
$$
先处理分母部分,根据麦克劳林公式:
$$
\begin{aligned}
& \ \arctan x = x – \frac{1}{3}x^{3} + o(x^{3}) \\ \\
\textcolor{lightgreen}{ \leadsto } & \ x – \arctan x = \frac{1}{3}x^{3} + o(x^{3}) \sim \frac{1}{3}x^{3} \\ \\
\textcolor{lightgreen}{ \leadsto } & \ x(x – \arctan x) \sim x \cdot \frac{1}{3}x^{3} \sim \frac{1}{3}x^{4}
\end{aligned}
$$
接着,为了在原式中使用拉格朗日中值定理,我们在分子中加减一项 $\cos x$, 即:
$$
\begin{aligned}
I & = \lim_{x \to 0} \frac{\cos(\tan x) – 1 – \ln(\cos x)}{\frac{1}{3}x^{4}} \\ \\
& = 3 \lim_{x \to 0} \frac{\cos(\tan x) – \cos x + \cos x – 1 – \ln(\cos x)}{x^{4}} \\ \\
& = 3 \lim_{x \to 0} \frac{\cos(\tan x) – \cos x}{x^{4}} + 3 \lim_{x \to 0} \frac{\cos x – 1 – \ln(\cos x)}{x^{4}} \\ \\
\end{aligned}
$$
于是,由拉格朗日中值定理,可知:
$$
\begin{aligned}
I_{1} & = \lim_{x \to 0} \frac{\cos(\tan x) – \cos x}{x^{4}} \\ \\
& = \lim_{x \to 0} \frac{(\tan x – x) \cdot (-\sin \xi)}{x^{4}}
\end{aligned}
$$
其中,$\xi$ 介于 $x$ 和 $\tan x$ 之间,当 $x \to 0$ 时,$\tan x \sim x$, 因此,$\xi \sim x$, 于是:
$$
I_{1} = \lim_{x \to 0} \frac{(\frac{1}{3}x^{3}) \cdot (-x)}{x^{4}} = \frac{-1}{3}
$$
接着,由等价无穷小替换与泰勒展开可知:
$$
\begin{aligned}
I_{2} & = \lim_{x \to 0} \frac{\cos x – 1 – \ln(\cos x)}{x^{4}} \\ \\
& = \lim_{x \to 0} \frac{(\cos x – 1) – \ln(1 + (\cos x – 1))}{x^{4}}
\end{aligned}
$$
于是,令 $u = \cos x – 1$, 则由前面的补充知识点可知,$u – \ln(1+u) \sim \frac{1}{2}u^{2}$, 因此:
$$
\begin{aligned}
I_{2} & = \lim_{x \to 0} \frac{\frac{1}{2}(\cos x – 1)^{2}}{x^{4}} \\ \\
& = \lim_{x \to 0} \frac{\frac{1}{2} \left( \frac{-1}{2}x^{2} \right)^{2}}{x^{4}} \\ \\
& = \frac{1}{8}
\end{aligned}
$$
综上可知:
$$
\begin{aligned}
I & = 3(I_{1} + I_{2}) \\ \\
& = 3 \left(\frac{-1}{3} + \frac{1}{8}\right) \\ \\
& = 3 \left(\frac{-5}{24}\right) \\ \\
& = \frac{-5}{8}
\end{aligned}
$$
$$
I = \lim_{x \to 0} \frac{\mathrm{e}^{\sin^{2} x} – \sqrt{1 + 2x^{2}}}{\ln(1 + x^{2}) – \sin^{2} x}
$$
难度评级:
需要用到的公式($x \to 0$):
$$
\begin{aligned}
& \ln(1+x) = x – \frac{1}{2}x^{2} + \cdots \\ \\
& (1+x)^\alpha = 1 + \alpha x + \frac{\alpha(\alpha-1)}{2}x^{2} + \cdots \\ \\
& \sqrt{1+x} = 1 + \frac{1}{2}x – \frac{1}{8}x^{2} + \cdots \\ \\
& \sin x = x – \frac{1}{6}x^{3} + \cdots \\ \\
& \mathrm{e}^{x} = 1 + x + \frac{1}{2}x^{2} + \cdots
\end{aligned}
$$
首先处理分母部分,通过麦克劳林公式展开到 $x^{4}$ 阶:
$$
\begin{aligned}
& \ \begin{cases} \ln(1 + x^{2}) = x^{2} – \frac{1}{2}x^{4} + o(x^{4}) \\ \\
\sin^{2} x = (x – \frac{1}{6}x^{3})^{2} = x^{2} – \frac{1}{3}x^{4} + o(x^{4}) \end{cases} \\ \\
\textcolor{lightgreen}{ \leadsto } & \ \ln(1 + x^{2}) – \sin^{2} x = \left(-\frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{3}\right)x^{4} + o(x^{4}) \sim \frac{-1}{6}x^{4}
\end{aligned}
$$
接着,对原式进行拆分:
$$
\begin{aligned}
I & = \lim_{x \to 0} \frac{\mathrm{e}^{\sin^{2} x} – \sqrt{1 + 2x^{2}}}{-\frac{1}{6}x^{4}} \\ \\
& = -6 \lim_{x \to 0} \frac{\mathrm{e}^{\sin^{2} x} – \mathrm{e}^{x^{2}} + \mathrm{e}^{x^{2}} – \sqrt{1 + 2x^{2}}}{x^{4}} \\ \\
& = -6 \left[ \lim_{x \to 0} \frac{\mathrm{e}^{\sin^{2} x} – \mathrm{e}^{x^{2}}}{x^{4}} + \lim_{x \to 0} \frac{\mathrm{e}^{x^{2}} – \sqrt{1 + 2x^{2}}}{x^{4}} \right]
\end{aligned}
$$
于是,由拉格朗日中值定理,可知:
$$
\begin{aligned}
I_{1} & = \lim_{x \to 0} \frac{\mathrm{e}^{\sin^{2} x} – \mathrm{e}^{x^{2}}}{x^{4}} \\ \\
& = \lim_{x \to 0} \frac{(\sin^{2} x – x^{2}) \cdot \mathrm{e}^\xi}{x^{4}}
\end{aligned}
$$
由于 $\xi$ 介于 $\sin^{2} x$ 和 $x^{2}$ 之间,当 $x \to 0$ 时,$\xi \to 0$, 所以 $\mathrm{e}^\xi \to 1$, 于是:
$$
\begin{aligned}
\sin^{2} x – x^{2} & = (\sin x – x)(\sin x + x) \\ \\
& \sim \left(-\frac{1}{6}x^{3}\right) \cdot (2x) \\ \\
& \sim -\frac{1}{3}x^{4}
\end{aligned}
$$
所以:
$$
I_{1} = \lim_{x \to 0} \frac{-\frac{1}{3}x^{4} \cdot 1}{x^{4}} = -\frac{1}{3}
$$
接着,令:
$$
I_{2} = \lim_{x \to 0} \frac{\mathrm{e}^{x^{2}} – \sqrt{1 + 2x^{2}}}{x^{4}}
$$
又由泰勒展开,分别将两项展开至 $x^{4}$ 阶,可得:
$$
\begin{aligned}
\mathrm{e}^{x^{2}} & = 1 + x^{2} + \frac{1}{2}(x^{2})^{2} + o(x^{4}) \\ \\ & = 1 + x^{2} + \frac{1}{2}x^{4} + o(x^{4}) \\ \\
\sqrt{1 + 2x^{2}} & = 1 + \frac{1}{2}(2x^{2}) – \frac{1}{8}(2x^{2})^{2} + o(x^{4}) \\ \\ &= 1 + x^{2} – \frac{1}{2}x^{4} + o(x^{4})
\end{aligned}
$$
于是:
$$
\begin{aligned}
\mathrm{e}^{x^{2}} – \sqrt{1 + 2x^{2}} & = \left(1 + x^{2} + \frac{1}{2}x^{4}\right) – \left(1 + x^{2} – \frac{1}{2}x^{4}\right) + o(x^{4}) \\ \\ & \sim x^{4}
\end{aligned}
$$
因此:
$$
I_{2} = \lim_{x \to 0} \frac{x^{4}}{x^{4}} = 1
$$
综上可得:
$$
\begin{aligned}
I & = -6(I_{1} + I_{2}) = -6\left(-\frac{1}{3} + 1\right) \\ \\
& = -6 \cdot \frac{2}{3} \\ \\
& = -4
\end{aligned}
$$
$$
I = \lim_{x \to 0} \frac{\cos(\sin x) – \mathrm{e}^{\cos x – 1}}{\tan^{2} x – \sin^{2} x}
$$
难度评级:
需要用到的公式($x \to 0$):
$$
\begin{aligned}
& x + x^{3} \sim x \\ \\
& f(b) – f(a) = (b – a) \cdot f^{\prime}(\xi) \\ \\
& \mathrm{e}^{x} = 1 + x + \frac{x^{2}}{2} + \frac{x^{3}}{3!} + \cdots \\ \\
& \mathrm{e}^{x} – 1 \sim x \\ \\
& \mathrm{e}^{x} – 1 – x \sim \frac{x^{2}}{2} \\ \\
& \mathrm{e}^{\square} – 1 – \square \sim \frac{\square^{2}}{2}, \ \square \to 0
\end{aligned}
$$
首先对分母进行处理,得:
$\tan^{2} x – \sin^{2} x = (\tan x – \sin x)(\tan x + \sin x)$
接着, 通过泰勒公式(麦克劳林公式)展开,得:
$$
\begin{cases}
\tan x = x + \frac{1}{3}x^{3} + o(x^{3}) \\
\sin x = x – \frac{1}{6}x^{3} + o(x^{3})
\end{cases}
\Rightarrow
\begin{cases}
\tan x – \sin x = \frac{1}{2}x^{3} + o(x^{3}) \sim \frac{1}{2}x^{3} \\
\tan x + \sin x = 2x + o(x) \sim 2x
\end{cases}
$$
于是:
$$
\begin{aligned}
\tan^{2} x – \sin^{2} x & \sim \frac{1}{2}x^{3} \cdot 2x \\ \\
& = x^{4}
\end{aligned}
$$
于是,原式可化简为:
$$
\begin{aligned}
I & = \lim_{x \to 0} \frac{\cos(\sin x) – \mathrm{e}^{\cos x – 1}}{x^{4}} \\ \\
& = \lim_{x \to 0} \frac{\cos(\sin x) – \cos x + \cos x – \mathrm{e}^{\cos x – 1}}{x^{4}} \\ \\
& = \lim_{x \to 0} \frac{\cos(\sin x) – \cos x}{x^{4}} + \lim_{x \to 0} \frac{\cos x – \mathrm{e}^{\cos x – 1}}{x^{4}} \\ \\
\end{aligned}
$$
接着,由拉格朗日中值定理,可知:
$$
I_{1} = \lim_{x \to 0} \frac{\cos(\sin x) – \cos x}{x^{4}} = \lim_{x \to 0} \frac{(\sin x – x) \cdot (-\sin \xi)}{x^{4}}
$$
由于 $\xi$ 介于 $x$ 和 $\sin x$ 之间,当 $x \to 0$ 时,$\sin x \sim x$, 所以 $\xi \sim x$, 于是:
$$
I_{1} = \lim_{x \to 0} \frac{\left( \frac{-1}{6}x^{3} \right) \cdot (-x)}{x^{4}} = \frac{1}{6}
$$
又由泰勒公式展开,得:
$$
\begin{aligned}
I_{2} & = \lim_{x \to 0} \frac{\cos x – \mathrm{e}^{\cos x – 1}}{x^{4}} \\ \\
& = -\lim_{x \to 0} \frac{\mathrm{e}^{\cos x – 1} – \cos x}{x^{4}} \\ \\
& = -\lim_{x \to 0} \frac{\mathrm{e}^{\cos x – 1} – (\cos x – 1) – 1}{x^{4}} \\ \\
& = -\lim_{x \to 0} \frac{\frac{1}{2}(\cos x – 1)^{2}}{x^{4}} \\ \\
& = -\lim_{x \to 0} \frac{\frac{1}{2}(-\frac{1}{2}x^{2})^{2}}{x^{4}} = -\frac{1}{8}
\end{aligned}
$$
综上可得:
$$
\begin{aligned}
I & = I_{1} + I_{2} \\ \\
& = \frac{1}{6} – \frac{1}{8} \\ \\
& = \frac{4 – 3}{24} \\ \\
& = \frac{1}{24}
\end{aligned}
$$
涵盖高等数学基础概念、解题技巧等内容,图文并茂,计算过程清晰严谨。
以独特的视角解析线性代数,让繁复的知识变得直观明了。
通过专题的形式对数学知识结构做必要的补充,使所学知识更加连贯坚实。
当 $x \rightarrow 0$ 时,下面为无穷小量的式子是( )
»A« $\dfrac{x + \cos x}{x}$
»B« $\dfrac{\sin x}{x}$
»C« $\dfrac{1}{2^{x} – 1}$
»D« $\dfrac{\sin x}{\sqrt{x}}$
难度评级:
继续阅读“谁是无穷小量?”$$
I_{1} = \lim_{x \rightarrow 0} \frac{1 – \cos x \cos 2x}{x^{2}} = ?
$$
根据常用的等价无穷小公式,我们有:
$$
\begin{aligned}
I_{1} & = \lim_{x \rightarrow 0} \frac{1 – \cos x \cos 2x}{x^{2}} \\ \\
& = \lim_{x \rightarrow 0} \frac{1 – \cos x + \cos x – \cos x \cos 2x}{x^{2}} \\ \\
& = \lim_{x \rightarrow 0} \frac{1 – \cos x}{x^{2}} + \lim_{x \rightarrow 0} \frac{\cos x – \cos x \cos 2x}{x^{2}} \\ \\
& = \lim_{x \rightarrow 0} \frac{1 – \cos x}{x^{2}} + \lim_{x \rightarrow 0} \cos x \frac{1 – \cos 2x}{x^{2}} \\ \\
& = \lim_{x \rightarrow 0} \frac{\frac{1}{2} x^{2}}{x^{2}} + \lim_{x \rightarrow 0} \frac{\frac{1}{2} \left( 2x \right)^{2}}{x^{2}} \\ \\
& = \frac{1}{2} + 2 \\ \\
& = \textcolor{lightgreen}{ \frac{5}{2} }
\end{aligned}
$$
$$
I_{2} = \lim_{x \rightarrow 0} \frac{\tan (\sin x) – x \cos x}{x^{3}} = ?
$$
根据常用的等价无穷小公式,我们有:
$$
\begin{aligned}
I_{2} & = \lim_{x \rightarrow 0} \frac{\tan (\sin x) – x \cos x}{x^{3}} \\ \\
& = \lim_{x \rightarrow 0} \frac{\tan (\sin x) – \sin x + \sin x – x \cos x}{x^{3}} \\ \\
& = \lim_{x \rightarrow 0} \frac{\tan (\sin x) – \sin x}{x^{3}} + \lim_{x \rightarrow 0} \frac{\sin x – x \cos x}{x^{3}} \\ \\
& = \lim_{x \rightarrow 0} \frac{\tan (\sin x) – \sin x}{\sin ^{3} x} + \lim_{x \rightarrow 0} \frac{x – x \cos x}{x^{3}} \\ \\
& = \lim_{k \rightarrow 0} \frac{\tan k – k}{k ^{3}} + \lim_{x \rightarrow 0} \frac{1 – \cos x}{x^{2}} \\ \\
& = \lim_{k \rightarrow 0} \frac{\frac{1}{3} k^{3}}{k ^{3}} + \lim_{x \rightarrow 0} \frac{\frac{1}{2} x^{2}}{x^{2}} \\ \\
& = \frac{1}{3} + \frac{1}{2} \\ \\
& = \textcolor{lightgreen}{ \frac{5}{6} }
\end{aligned}
$$
根据常用的等价无穷小公式,我们有:
$$
I_{3} = \lim_{x \rightarrow 0} \frac{\tan (\sin x) – \arcsin x}{x^{3}} = ?
$$
$$
\begin{aligned}
I_{3} & = \lim_{x \rightarrow 0} \frac{\tan (\sin x) – \arcsin x}{x^{3}} \\ \\
& = \lim_{x \rightarrow 0} \frac{\tan (\sin x) – \sin x + \sin x – x + x – \arcsin x}{x^{3}} \\ \\
& = \lim_{x \rightarrow 0} \frac{\tan (\sin x) – \sin x}{x^{3}} + \lim_{x \rightarrow 0} \frac{\sin x – x}{x^{3}} + \lim_{x \rightarrow 0} \frac{x – \arcsin x}{x^{3}} \\ \\
& = \lim_{x \rightarrow 0} \frac{\tan (\sin x) – \sin x}{\sin ^{3} x} + \lim_{x \rightarrow 0} \frac{\sin x – x}{x^{3}} + \lim_{x \rightarrow 0} \frac{x – \arcsin x}{x^{3}} \\ \\
& = \lim_{k \rightarrow 0} \frac{\tan k – k}{k ^{3}} + \lim_{x \rightarrow 0} \frac{\sin x – x}{x^{3}} + \lim_{x \rightarrow 0} \frac{x – \arcsin x}{x^{3}} \\ \\
& = \lim_{k \rightarrow 0} \frac{\frac{1}{3} k^{3}}{k ^{3}} + \lim_{x \rightarrow 0} \frac{\frac{-1}{6} x^{3}}{x^{3}} + \lim_{x \rightarrow 0} \frac{\frac{-1}{6} x^{3}}{x^{3}} \\ \\
& = \frac{1}{3} – \frac{1}{6} – \frac{1}{6} \\ \\
& = \textcolor{lightgreen}{ 0 }
\end{aligned}
$$
涵盖高等数学基础概念、解题技巧等内容,图文并茂,计算过程清晰严谨。
以独特的视角解析线性代数,让繁复的知识变得直观明了。
通过专题的形式对数学知识结构做必要的补充,使所学知识更加连贯坚实。
$$
I = \lim_{x \rightarrow 0} \frac{ 2 – \left(\frac{1+\cos x}{2}\right)^{x} – \left[\frac{1+\ln(1+x)}{1+x}\right]^{x}}{x^{3}} = ?
$$
已知,平方差公式为:
$$
\left( a+b \right) \times \left( a-b \right) = a^{2} – b^{2}
$$
所以:
$$
\left( 1 – \sqrt{x} \right) \left( 1 + \sqrt{x} \right) = 1-x
$$
于是:
$$
\lim_{x \rightarrow 1} \frac{1 – x}{2 \left( 1 – \sqrt{x} \right)} = \lim_{x \rightarrow 1} \frac{\left( 1 – x \right) \left( 1 + \sqrt{x} \right)}{2 \left( 1 – x \right)} = 1
$$
难度评级:
已知,立方差公式为:
$$
a^{3} – b^{3} = \left( a-b \right) \times \left( a^{2} + b^{2} +ab \right)
$$
所以:
$$
\left( 1 – \sqrt[3]{x} \right) \left( \sqrt[3]{x^{2}} + \sqrt[3]{x} + 1 \right) = 1 – x
$$
于是:
$$
\lim_{x \rightarrow 1} \frac{1 – x}{1 – \sqrt[3]{x}} = \lim_{x \rightarrow 1} \frac{\left( 1 – x \right) \left( \sqrt[3]{x^{2}} + \sqrt[3]{x} + 1 \right)}{1 – x} = 3
$$
难度评级:
事实上,当 $n$ 为正整数的时候,对于式子 $a^{n} – b^{n}$, 我们有下面的通用计算公式:
$$
\begin{aligned}
a^{n} – b^{n} & = \left( a – b \right) \sum_{k=0}^{n-1} a^{n-1-k} b^{k} \\ \\
& = \left( a – b \right) \left( a^{n-1} + a^{n-2}b + a^{n-3}b^{2} + \cdots + ab^{n-2} + b^{n-1} \right)
\end{aligned}
$$
于是——
$$
a^{2} – b^{2} = \left( a – b \right) \left( a + b \right)
$$
$$
a^{3} – b^{3} = \left( a – b \right) \left( a^{2} + ab + b^{2} \right)
$$
$$
a^{4} – b^{4} = \left( a – b \right) \left( a^{3} + a^{2}b + ab^{2} + b^{3} \right)
$$
需要注意的是,由于:
$$
a^{3} – b^{3} = \left( a – b \right) \left( a^{2} + ab + b^{2} \right) \textcolor{orangered}{ \neq \left( a – b \right) \left( a^{2} + 2ab + b^{2} \right) }
$$
即:
$$
a^{3} – b^{3} = \left( a – b \right) \left( a^{2} + ab + b^{2} \right) \textcolor{orangered}{ \neq \left( a – b \right) \left( a+b \right)^{3-1} }
$$
因此:
$$
\textcolor{orangered}{
a^{n} – b^{n} \neq \left( a-b \right) \left( a+b \right)^{n-1}
}
$$
涵盖高等数学基础概念、解题技巧等内容,图文并茂,计算过程清晰严谨。
以独特的视角解析线性代数,让繁复的知识变得直观明了。
通过专题的形式对数学知识结构做必要的补充,使所学知识更加连贯坚实。
下面这个式子连接了三角函数 $\sin$, $\cos$ 和 $\tan$, 即:
$$
\tan x = \frac{\sin x}{\cos x}
$$
因此,在遇到有关三角函数 $\tan$ 的积分时,我们可以尝试将其化作由三角函数 $\sin$ 和 $\cos$ 组成的等价表达式;类似地,在遇到有关三角函数 $\sin$ 和 $\cos$ 的积分时,我们可以尝试将其化作由三角函数 $\tan$ 组成的等价表达式.
继续阅读“有关三角函数 sin, cos 和 tan 的积分的两个结题思路:化二为一、化一为二”若有函数 $f(x,y)=x^{y}$, 其中 $x, y > 0$,则 $\frac{\partial f}{\partial x} = ?$, $\frac{\partial f}{\partial y} = ?$
对自变量 $\textcolor{lightgreen}{x}$ 求偏导时,需要将自变量 $y$ 看作常数,此时 $\textcolor{lightgreen}{x}^{y}$ 就是关于 $\textcolor{lightgreen}{x}$ 的幂函数,于是:
$$
\frac{\partial f}{\partial x} = y \textcolor{lightgreen}{x}^{y-1}
$$
对自变量 $\textcolor{orange}{y}$ 求偏导时,需要将自变量 $x$ 看作常数,此时 $x^{\textcolor{orange}{y}}$ 就是关于 $\textcolor{orange}{y}$ 的指数函数,于是:
$$
\frac{\partial f}{\partial y} = x^{\textcolor{orange}{y}} \ln x
$$
若有函数 $f(x,y)=y^{x}$, 其中 $x, y > 0$,则 $\frac{\partial f}{\partial x} = ?$, $\frac{\partial f}{\partial y} = ?$
对自变量 $\textcolor{lightgreen}{x}$ 求偏导时,需要将自变量 $y$ 看作常数,此时 $y^{\textcolor{lightgreen}{x}}$ 就是关于 $\textcolor{lightgreen}{x}$ 的指数函数,于是:
$$
\frac{\partial f}{\partial x} = y^{\textcolor{lightgreen}{x}} \ln y
$$
对自变量 $\textcolor{orange}{y}$ 求偏导时,需要将自变量 $x$ 看作常数,此时 $\textcolor{orange}{y}^{x}$ 就是关于 $\textcolor{orange}{y}$ 的幂函数,于是:
$$
\frac{\partial f}{\partial y} = x \textcolor{orange}{y}^{x-1}
$$
涵盖高等数学基础概念、解题技巧等内容,图文并茂,计算过程清晰严谨。
以独特的视角解析线性代数,让繁复的知识变得直观明了。
通过专题的形式对数学知识结构做必要的补充,使所学知识更加连贯坚实。