单位矩阵 $\boldsymbol{E}$ 作变换 $r_{\textcolor{orange}{i}}$ $\times$ $\textcolor{cyan}{k}$（或 $c_{\textcolor{orange}{i}}$ $\times$ $\textcolor{cyan}{k}$），得初等矩阵 $\boldsymbol{E}_{\textcolor{orange}{i}}(\textcolor{cyan}{k})$
在做有些涉及极限的题目时，我们常常会遇到下面这样的表述：
$$
\lim_{n \rightarrow \textcolor{orange}{\infty}}
$$
但是，我们可能会产生这样的疑问：
$\lim_{n \rightarrow \textcolor{orange}{\infty}}$ 既不是 $\lim_{n \rightarrow \textcolor{red}{+} \textcolor{orange}{\infty}}$, 也不是 $\lim_{n \rightarrow \textcolor{cyan}{-} \textcolor{orange}{\infty}}$, 那么，在计算含有 $\lim_{n \rightarrow \textcolor{orange}{\infty}}$ 的式子时该怎么计算，需要 分 类 讨 论 嘛？
继续阅读“高数极限小技巧：$\lim_{n \rightarrow \textcolor{orange}{\infty}}$ 默认就是 $\lim_{n \rightarrow \textcolor{red}{+} \textcolor{orange}{\infty}}$”$\boldsymbol{E}$ 作变换 $r_{\textcolor{orange}{i}}$ $\leftrightarrow$ $r_{\textcolor{cyan}{j}}$（或 $c_{\textcolor{orange}{i}}$ $\leftrightarrow$ $c_{\textcolor{cyan}{j}}$），得初等矩阵 $\boldsymbol{\textcolor{red}{E}}_{\textcolor{orange}{i} \textcolor{cyan}{j}}$
$\boldsymbol{E}$ 经过 一 次 初等变换得到的矩阵称为初等矩阵
初等 行 变换和初等 列 变换 都 是 初等变换
是
是
设 $y$ $=$ $y(x)$ 是二阶常系数线性微分方程 $\textcolor{orange}{y^{\prime \prime}}$ $\textcolor{orange}{+}$ $\textcolor{orange}{2 m y^{\prime}}$ $\textcolor{orange}{+}$ $\textcolor{orange}{n^{2} y}$ $\textcolor{orange}{=}$ $\textcolor{orange}{0}$ 满足 $\textcolor{orange}{y(0)}$ $\textcolor{orange}{=}$ $\textcolor{orange}{a}$ 与 $\textcolor{orange}{y^{\prime}(0)}$ $\textcolor{orange}{=}$ $\textcolor{orange}{b}$ 的特解，其中 $m$ 和 $n$ 为常数，且 $\textcolor{orange}{m}$ $\textcolor{orange}{>}$ $\textcolor{orange}{n}$ $\textcolor{orange}{>}$ $\textcolor{orange}{0}$, 则 $\textcolor{orange}{\int_{0}^{+ \infty}}$ $\textcolor{orange}{y(x)}$ $\textcolor{orange}{\mathrm{d} x}$ $\textcolor{orange}{=}$ $\textcolor{orange}{?}$
继续阅读“计算微分方程 $y^{\prime \prime}$ $+$ $2 m y^{\prime}$ $+$ $n^{2} y$ $=$ $0$ 满足一定条件特解的无穷限反常积分”$\left(\begin{array}{ll} \boldsymbol{\textcolor{orange}{A}} & \boldsymbol{O} \\ \boldsymbol{\textcolor{yellow}{C}} & \boldsymbol{\textcolor{cyan}{B}} \end{array}\right)^{\textcolor{red}{-1}}$ $=$ $\left(\begin{array}{ll} \boldsymbol{\textcolor{orange}{A}}^{\textcolor{red}{-1}} & \boldsymbol{O} \\ \textcolor{red}{-}\boldsymbol{\textcolor{cyan}{B}}^{\textcolor{red}{-1}} \boldsymbol{\textcolor{yellow}{C}} \boldsymbol{\textcolor{orange}{A}}^{\textcolor{red}{-1}} & \boldsymbol{\textcolor{cyan}{B}}^{\textcolor{red}{-1}} \end{array}\right)$
$\left(\begin{array}{ll} \boldsymbol{\textcolor{orange}{A}} & \boldsymbol{\textcolor{yellow}{C}} \\ \boldsymbol{O} & \boldsymbol{\textcolor{cyan}{B}} \end{array}\right)^{\textcolor{red}{-1}}$ $=$ $\left(\begin{array}{ll} \boldsymbol{\textcolor{orange}{A}}^{-1} & \textcolor{red}{-}\boldsymbol{\textcolor{orange}{A}}^{\textcolor{red}{-1}} \boldsymbol{\textcolor{yellow}{C}} \boldsymbol{\textcolor{cyan}{B}}^{\textcolor{red}{-1}} \\ \boldsymbol{O} & \boldsymbol{\textcolor{cyan}{B}}^{-1} \end{array}\right)$
$\left(\begin{array}{ll} \boldsymbol{O} & \boldsymbol{\textcolor{orange}{A}} \\ \boldsymbol{\textcolor{cyan}{B}} & \boldsymbol{O} \end{array}\right)^{\textcolor{red}{-1}}$ $=$ $\left(\begin{array}{cc} \boldsymbol{O} & \boldsymbol{\textcolor{cyan}{B}}^{\textcolor{red}{-1}} \\ \boldsymbol{\textcolor{orange}{A}}^{\textcolor{red}{-1}} & \boldsymbol{O} \end{array}\right)$
$\left(\begin{array}{ll}\boldsymbol{\textcolor{orange}{A}} & \boldsymbol{O} \\ \boldsymbol{O} & \boldsymbol{\textcolor{cyan}{B}}\end{array}\right)^{\textcolor{red}{-1}}$ $=$ $\left(\begin{array}{ll}\boldsymbol{\textcolor{orange}{A}}^{\textcolor{red}{-1}} & \boldsymbol{O} \\ \boldsymbol{O} & \boldsymbol{\textcolor{cyan}{B}}^{\textcolor{red}{-1}}\end{array}\right)$
$\left(\begin{array}{ll}\boldsymbol{\textcolor{orange}{A}} & \boldsymbol{\textcolor{cyan}{E}}\end{array}\right)$ $\stackrel{\text {初等 [行] 变换}}{\longrightarrow}$ $\left(\begin{array}{ll}\boldsymbol{\textcolor{cyan}{E}} & \textcolor{yellow}{\boldsymbol{A}^{-1}}\end{array}\right)$
$\textcolor{orange}{\boldsymbol{A}^{-1}}$ $=$ $\frac{\textcolor{cyan}{1}}{\textcolor{green}{|\boldsymbol{A}|}}$ $\textcolor{red}{\boldsymbol{A}^{*}}$
